A University of Michigan study published Oct. 23 finds that Americans’ long-run inflation expectations remain above comparable 2019 and 2024 readings. That persistence could complicate easier financing conditions for Bitcoin even as the headline consumer sentiment index barely moves.
The concern is that repeated price shocks can leave consumers expecting inflation to persist. If those expectations change spending behavior, bringing inflation down could become harder, narrowing the room for US monetary policy to ease.
Michigan’s final October survey put sentiment at 48, versus 48.1 in September. Year-ahead inflation expectations were 4.7%, up from 4.6%; long-run expectations reached 3.5%, up from 3.4%.
Both inflation readings matched the preliminary figures already cited in CryptoSlate’s Oct. 22 and Oct. 23 advance coverage. Each rose from September and held steady between the preliminary and final releases.
The new study provides the historical comparison. Using a consistent web-interview series, it finds median long-run expectations above the monthly ranges seen in 2019 and 2024. Recent readings also show elevated expectations among consumers anticipating the largest price increases, alongside greater uncertainty.
Sample sizes differ across years, but survey director Joanne Hsu says the findings also hold against historical official phone interviews.
Hsu describes the 2025 tariff escalation and the energy shock associated with the 2026 Iran conflict as successive influences on expectations. Consumers who expect further price increases may bring purchases forward. Across households, that spending could reinforce inflation, she warns.
Hsu presents precautionary spending as a risk whose current contribution remains unmeasured. She says entrenched expectations remain avoidable.
How the risk could reach Bitcoin
For Bitcoin, the potential connection runs through policy and investors’ willingness to take risk. The Fed’s policy framework says anchored inflation expectations help inflation return to 2% and support moderate long-term interest rates. Persistently elevated inflation could therefore constrain monetary easing.
There is a counterweight. At their September 15–16 meeting, Fed participants judged medium- and longer-term expectations consistent with the 2% objective, according to the meeting minutes. Some nevertheless worried that prolonged above-target inflation could affect expectations and wage- and price-setting. Those judgments predate Michigan’s October study.
A 2023 IMF working paper found that US monetary tightening depresses a shared component of crypto prices by reducing investors’ willingness to take risk, resembling its effect on equities. That historical result supports a possible route from stubborn inflation to weaker crypto demand.
